Nginx 反向代理（四）：实现 FastCGI 代理
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admin
2025年6月29日 18:36
本文热度 1103
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4.7.1 相关指令和参数
关于 PHP 和 FastCGI 的内容请回顾 Apache 章节内容，此章节重点讲解 Nginx 将前端请求通过 FastCGI 协议反向代理到后端的 PHP-FPM，将请求交由 PHP 程序处理
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html
fastcgi_index name; fastcgi_pass address; fastcgi_param parameter value [if_not_empty];
#安装php-fpm[root@ubuntu ~]# apt install php8.1-fpm
#查看版本[root@ubuntu ~]# php -vPHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (cli) (built: Aug 18 2023 11:41:11) (NTS)Copyright (c) The PHP GroupZend Engine v4.1.2, Copyright (c) Zend Technologieswith Zend OPcache v8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
#查看服务状态[root@ubuntu ~]# systemctl status php8.1-fpm.service
#查看所有文件[root@ubuntu ~]# dpkg -L php8.1-fpm
#查看配置文件[root@ubuntu ~]# ls -lh /etc/php/8.1/total 12Kdrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 18 16:05 cli # cli 模式配置drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 18 16:05 fpm # fpm 模式配置drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 18 16:05 mods-available # cli 和 fpm 中引用的具体内容
[root@ubuntu ~]# ls /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d php-fpm.conf php.ini pool.d
[root@ubuntu ~]pid = /run/php/php8.1-fpm.pid error_log = /var/log/php8.1-fpm.log
[root@ubuntu ~]user = www-data group = www-data listen = /run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock listen.owner = www-datalisten.group = www-datapm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3
[root@ubuntu ~]listen = /run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock
[root@ubuntu ~]total 4.0K-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 Feb 18 22:44 php8.1-fpm.pidsrw-rw---- 1 www-data www-data 0 Feb 18 22:44 php8.1-fpm.socklrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Feb 18 22:44 php-fpm.sock -> /etc/alternatives/php-fpm.sock
[root@ubuntu ~];listen = /run/php/php8.1-fpm.socklisten = 127.0.0.1:9000
[root@ubuntu ~];pm.status_path = /statuspm.status_path = /php-statuspm.status_listen = 127.0.0.1:9001ping.path = /pingping.response = pong
[root@ubuntu ~][root@ubuntu ~]
4.7.3 配置 Nginx 转发到 FastCGI[root@ubuntu ~]# ll /etc/nginx/fastcgi*-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1125 May 20 2025 /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1055 May 20 2025 /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
[root@ubuntu ~]# wc -l /etc/nginx/fastcgi* 27 /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf 26 /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
[root@ubuntu ~]# diff /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params2d1< fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
# /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf 和 /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params 都是用于配置 FastCGI 的默认参数的文件# 这两个文件中都用 fastcgi_param 指令定义了很多要传给后端 FastCGI 接口的参数# fastcgi.conf 比 fastcgi_params 中多出一行配置，至于为什么要用两个文件，属于历史遗留问题# 在设置 FastCGI 反向代理时可以引用这两个文件中的任意一个，但引用 fastcgi_params 时，要额外加一行# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
server { listen 80; server_name www.m99-josedu.com; root /var/www/html/www.m99-josedu.com;
location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; }
location /php-status { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001; include fastcgi.conf; }
location = /ping { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi.conf; }
location /status { stub_status; }}
[root@ubuntu ~]total 12K-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 Feb 20 14:08 index.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Feb 20 14:09 index.php-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Feb 20 14:09 test.php
[root@ubuntu ~]<?phpphpinfo();
[root@ubuntu ~]<?phpecho "test.php";
http:http:http:http:http:http:http:
[root@ubuntu ~]upstream group1 { server 10.0.0.210; server 10.0.0.159 down;}
server { listen 80; server_name bbs.m99-josedu.com; location / { proxy_pass http://group1; proxy_set_header host $http_host; }}
[root@ubuntu ~]
[root@ubuntu ~]server { listen 80; server_name bbs.m99-josedu.com; root /var/www/html/bbs.m99-josedu.com; index index.html index.php; location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; }}
[root@ubuntu ~];listen = /run/php/php8.1-fpm.socklisten = 127.0.0.1:9000
[root@ubuntu ~][root@ubuntu ~]
[root@ubuntu ~][root@ubuntu ~][root@ubuntu ~]
#DB 配置[root@ubuntu ~]# apt update;apt install mysql-server-8.0 redis-server
#修改 mysql 配置[root@ubuntu ~]# cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf#注释两行#bind-address = 127.0.0.1#mysqlx-bind-address = 127.0.0.1#添加两行skip-name-resolvedefault_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
[root@ubuntu ~]# systemctl restart mysql.service
#创建数据库，创建账号并授权mysql> create database discuz;mysql> create user 'discuzer'@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';mysql> grant all on discuz.* to 'discuzer'@'10.0.0.%';mysql> flush privileges;
# 通过浏览器完成安装，在浏览器中打开 http://bbs.m99-josedu.com# 然后修改 Proxy Server 配置，再完成另外一台安装，都完成安装后再次修改配置，让两台 Web Server 都上线# 测试OK，但如果上传附件，图片，会发现有时候会加载不出来，因为文件只上传到了其中一台 Web Server 上
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